Peooess of and apparatus foe dynamic calorification



E. HILL. 2 sheets-sheet 1.

l PROCESS 0F AND APPARATUS PoR DYNAMIC GALORIFIGATION. lvm/244,237.

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(No Model.) E HILL. f 2 sheets-sheet 2. y PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POP DYNAMIC GALORIPIGATION. No. 244,237.l Patented Ju1y-l2,l 18.81..

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` UNITED STATES PATENT OEErcE.,

EBENEZER HILL, OF SOUTH NORWALK, CONNECTICUT.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DYNAMIC CALORIFICATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 244,237, dated July 12, 1881.

Application filed May 4, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EBENEZEE HILL, of South Norwalk, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented new and useful Improvements in a Process of Dynamic Oalorication and an apparatus for the same, of which the following is a specication.

This invention has for its object the conversion of mechanical power into sensible heat to be used for any purposes to which heat may be applied, such as heating rooms, drying articles, &c.

It has long been well known that when air or similar gaseous substances were com pressed, as in an air-pump, sensible heat would be developed, and it is now well understood that heat is a source or mode of mot-ion; but the kutilization of heat arising from or produced by the compression of air or other gases by mechanical means does not appear to have been effected 5 and therefore this invention consists, rst, in the method or process of developing sensible heat in air or other equivalent gases by mechanical compression, and utilizing said heat by transferring it to air or gas under a less pressure, as will hereinafter appear.

The invention further consists in the combination of an air or gas compressing engine with a prime motor for driving the compressor, and means for retaining and utilizing the heat of compression, as will hereinafter appear.

The invention further consists in combining absorbing and distributing devices with an air or gas compressing engine for utilizing the heat arising from compression, as will hereinafter appear.

The invention further consists in so combining and arranging the air or gas compressing engine with relation to the places to be heated and places to be cooled, and the expanding engine and their inlet and outlet openings, that the heated air leaving a room may be utilized in performing work7 as will hereinafter appear.

The invention further consists in combining an air-compressing engine, driven by a prime motor, with an air or gas tight room or chamber, and suitable inlet and outlet openings to and from the chamber and to and from the compressing-en gine, that the air may be used over and over,- as will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings, Figure l represents one of the simplest forms of an apparatus for applying my process. Fi g. represents a more complete arrangement and combination of mechanism for dynamic calorification, as will hereinafter appear.

Referring to Fig. 1, A is a room or chamber to be heated for any purpose, and therefore in it is placed an air-compressing engine, the cylinder of which is shown at B, the piston at C, piston-rod at O', to which power is applied from a cross-head at CZ and connecting-rods C3 from crank-pins O4, fly-wheels O5, and main shaft C, to which power is applied in any suitable manner, as by a belt, as at C, from a shaft, as at C8. Said air-compressor may be either single or double acting, but in the present case is shown as double-acting, with inlet- 'valves at D and outlet-valves at D', all of 7o which may be made in any of the well-known or other suitable forms.

Instead of providin g the compressin g-en gine with cooling devices, asis usually done, I provide a dead-air space, as at E, around the cylinder and for the express purpose of assisting in retaining the heat of compression, and then outside of said space also cover the cylinder with some non-conducting substance, as asbestus, mineral wool, o., as represented at F, to still further retain the heat, so that at each stroke of the piston the com pressed air may be heated as much as possible, and then, as it passes from the compressor, be allowed to escape into the apartment to be heated through a large opening, as at G, with as little resistance as possible.

For the purpose of reducing the motion ofthe air as it escapes into the room as much as possible I prefer to use a trumpet-shaped nozzle, as at H, to extend a considerable distance into the room from the compressor7 to prevent the air escaping from the compressor from coming immediately in contact with the air at rest (or nearly so) and under a less pressure, and thereby produce as little motion as possible. Where said trumpet connects with the compressor a ring or rings, as at H', may be screwed into the orifice to graduate the size of the opening according to the degree of pressure desired.

With such a construction and arrangement of devices the temperature of a room may be raised to almost any degree by merely keeping the compressor in motion7 and consequently the temperature will be the equivalent of the mechanical power so applied 5 but in addition to simply raising the temperature of the air, it may be thoroughly dried by the process of me- IOS chanical circulation, so that the air in a room or chamber will be special] y Well adapted foradrying or evaporatin g agent, as the drying of paperstock, textile fabrics, 86e. This will be easily understood by a reference to Sheet 2, where a drying-room is represented at A, air-compressor B, provided with a piston, as shown in Fig. 1, a piston-rod, C', cross-head C2, connectingrods C3, crank-pins C4, fly-wheels O5, shaft CG, belt C7, and driving-shaft (J8, and the cylinder of the said compressor is provided with an airspace and jackets to retain the heat of compression, as already explained in describing Fig. l; but instead of permitting the air to escape directly into the drying-room, as before, it is passed through the outlet-pipe at D to a cylinder or chamber at D filled with small tubes like a surface-condenser, which absorb the heat of compression from the air and retain it until the air returns partially freed from moisture, as Will be explained hereinafter. The air under pressure is conducted by a pipe, D2, down to a sub-chamber under the drying-room at E, and which is used as a chill-room, and has free communication with the dry-room through numerous openings in the floor, as at j' f f and in this room the pipe D2 is returned to and fro, as indicated the bends at D3, and by finally, is conducted to the valve-chest of an engine at F, which has a piston on the same rod that operates the air-compressor, and where the said compressed airis allowed to perform work as steam in aiding the compressor or the prime motor by returning the power already given to it. rlhis expansion of the air produces an intense degree of cold, and as it passes out of the en gineFitis returned through an exhaust-pipe, as at F', which has returnbends, as at F2, in the chill-room, to furnish a large absorbing-surface for collecting any heat that may be descending from the drying-room through the openings in floor at f f f, as already mentioned, and thence the said pipe is conducted to the end of the cylinder or chamber D', where the air is conducted through the tubes at G that have absorbed heat from the compression and now impart said heat to the air in its passage through them; and thence it passes into the drying-room through the trumpet-shaped nozzle at H, where it circulates, as indicated by the arrows, to collect the moisture from the articles to be dried, and then descends through the floor of the drying-room into the sub-chamber, where it imparts its heat to the pipes D2 and F', and is also freed of its moisture, and in cooling and drying is allowed to enter the chamber of the expanding-engine F through the openings at K, and is drawn over and around said engine down to the suctionnozzle L of the air-compressor, which is also trumpet-shaped, to cause as little agitation as possible in the cold-chambers. If the air from the dry-room has acid vapors, then it may be allowed to pass oft after cooling, and suctionnozzle L may be run to the atmosphere outside.

The partition at M in the sub-chamber E is for the purpose of forcing the air upward over the expanding-engine F, and thereby giving itviz., the engine-the opportunity of absorbing all the heat from the air before it descends to the suction-nozzle on the opposite side ofthe said partition. Whatever water of condensation falls from the air in the exhaust-pipe F is driven 0E at the cock N, and whatever is condensed around the pipes-in the sub-chamber is drawn od' at the cock O 5 or there may be a trap to let it off as it accumulates in the sub-chamber.

It must be evident that the power furnished by the prime motor apart from the friction is converted into sensible heat in compressing the air, and if the heat is absorbed by the tubes at G it will be taken up by the cold and dry air as it comes from the expandin g-engine; consequently it will be in the best possible condition for acting as a drying agent.

It must also-be evident that the rooms and apparatus may be very differently arranged`m as, for example, the cold-chamber may be at the side of the drying-room, and the expanding-engine may be located apart and disconnected from the air-compressor and only connected with the prime motor-but the arrangement shown gives a simple form of the apparatus.

1t is also evident that a system of air-compressors for serial compression may be used, instead of the single one here shown, without departing from the nature ot' my invention, and for which I claim- 1. The method or process of developing sensible heat in air or other equivalent gas by mechanical compression, and utilizing said heat by transferring it to air or gas under a less pressure, as hereinbefore set forth.

2. The combination ofan air-compressing engine with a prime motor and means for retaining and utilizing the heat of compression, as hereinbefore set forth.

3. The combination, with an air or gas compressing engine, ot` absorbing and distributing devices for utilizing the heat of compression, as hereinbefore set forth.

4. The combination of an air-compressing engine with a room or chamber to be heated, and having connections with a sub-chamber to be cooled, in which or with which sub-chamber an expanding-engine is connected, as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

5. The combination of an air-compressing engine with an air or gas tight room or chamber, and suitable inlet and outlet openings to and from the chamber and to and from the compressor, so that the air may be used over and over, or to any desired degree, as hereinbefore set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name and aflxed my seal in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EBENEZER HILL. [L s] Witnesses:

EUGENE N. ELIoT, UHARLEs BARTRAM.

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